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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/h2>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645: \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644<\/h3>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a (Cantilever Beam) \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Walers) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Soldiers).<\/li>\n
  3. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a):<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Support Brackets).<\/li>\n
  4. \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a):<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (Anchorage).<\/li>\n
  5. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642\u0629 (Climbing Formwork) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642\u0629 (Slip Formwork)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646: \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/h3>\n

    \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a)<\/td>\n\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 (Tie-Rods)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a (Washers).<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/td>\n\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n

    \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629<\/h4>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 (Diaphragm Wall)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 (Secant Piles)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0651\u0629 (Contiguous Piles) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 (Sheet Piling). \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/h4>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 (Cut-and-Cover)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/h4>\n

    \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0639\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h4>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

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    \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n

    \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (Anchorage)<\/h3>\n

    \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f (Support Brackets)<\/h4>\n

    \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b 3\u060c 4.5\u060c \u0648 6 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631) \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649.<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (Anchorage Systems)<\/h4>\n

    \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 (Substrate).<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 (Cast-in Anchors)<\/h5>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0628 \u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 (Post-installed Anchors)<\/h5>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629). \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 (Pull-out Test) \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

    \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 (Form Panels)<\/h4>\n

    \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Modular) \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Large Panel).<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h5>\n

    \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50 \u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2 \u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 3 \u0645\u0645.<\/p>\n

    \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Large Panel)<\/h5>\n

    \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b 2\u00d73 \u0645\u062a\u0631) \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Walers) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Soldiers)<\/h4>\n

    \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a) \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Soldiers) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 (deflection) \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n

    \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 (Alignment and Plumbing Jacks)<\/h4>\n

    \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 (Working Platforms and Guardrails)<\/h4>\n

    \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Guardrails) \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Toeboard) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a (Connections)<\/h4>\n

    \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/a> (Pin and Wedge)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 (Clamps)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630: \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/h2>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n

    \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ACI 347 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639) \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 (Pmax) \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 (R): \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n
    • \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 (T): \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 (\u03b3c): \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/li>\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 (Slump) \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629: \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/li>\n
    • \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628: \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 ACI \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

      Pmax=\u03b3c\u00d7H<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u062d\u064a\u062b H \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u062f 2800\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 1.5 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a). \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n

      \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n

      \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644:<\/p>\n

      1. \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (Base Preparation and Anchor Installation)<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n
      • \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n
      • \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d (Assembling Brackets and Panels)<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a) \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
        • \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Soldiers) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Walers) \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n
        • \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a (Alignment and Plumbing)<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n
          • \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            4. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 (Controlled Concrete Pour)<\/h4>\n
              \n
            • \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n
            • \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1.5 \u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 (Tremie pipe).<\/li>\n
            • \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              5. \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 (Striking)<\/h4>\n
                \n
              • \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n
              • \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 24 \u0625\u0644\u0649 48 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a.<\/li>\n
              • \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n

                \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n

                \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/h4>\n

                \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Torque) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n
                • \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643).<\/li>\n
                • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n
                • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629).<\/li>\n
                • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h4>\n

                  \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 6044. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 (Slump test) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n

                  \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 55 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 (PPE) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

                  \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 “\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646”: \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

                  \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646”\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

                  \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 “\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646”\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n

                  \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646” \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646”\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n

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                  \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a (Tolerances) \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

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                  \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a “\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646” \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 ST37 \u0648 S355) \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

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